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There is a scarcity of demonstrably effective, evidence-based programming tailored to the needs of homeless youth, predominantly in low- and middle-income nations where they are most prevalent. Programs designed to cultivate youth engagement and leadership appear to be effective tools for promoting positive outcomes and engagement in this population. A peer-led framework for youth leadership, BYFY, is designed to bolster youth engagement, empowerment, and skill enhancement. Homeless youth, particularly those in Toronto and Indigenous youth in Thunder Bay, have shown encouraging results from the BYFY program's implementation, which has positively impacted process and outcome indicators. We explore the application of BYFY among 30 street-dwelling youth in Managua, Nicaragua, within this article. Facilitators from Covenant House International, along with youth leaders in Nicaragua, delineate the key implementation factors responsible for BYFY's success. Using a general inductive approach, we analyzed interview data, field notes, and the artistic products (rap videos, graffiti art, and street theatre) of the project to identify the processes behind positive participant outcomes, such as developing a sense of safety and providing opportunities to challenge negative self-perceptions. The article underscores a scalable youth engagement model that is readily implemented in low-resource environments and demonstrably effective in engaging street-involved youth, regardless of cultural or situational factors. This summary details the actionable measures and practical implications for stakeholders to leverage the findings. The American Psychological Association owns all rights to the PsycINFO database record, including copyright from 2023.
This article proposes methods by which literary engagements, including fiction reading and creative writing, can enhance the clinical practice of psychiatrists.
Moving beyond the simplistic binary of body and mind in medical therapy requires integrating concepts from literary theory, phenomenology, and psychodynamic perspectives. The understanding of the dynamics and structure of verbalized qualia, along with the capacity to listen and respond to subjective and intersubjective processes, will be a crucial element. To enhance the clinical practice of psychiatrists and psychologists, we will draw on personal experiences from a pilot project that incorporates literary techniques.
Our analysis posits a hermeneutical view of the clinical encounter, emphasizing a gradual, scenic, and poetic understanding of the texts woven into therapeutic interactions and those generated by the patient's mental processes.
This theoretical study identifies two ways in which literary methods and ideas prove profoundly beneficial to the practical application of psychology and psychiatry. Copyright 2023, all rights reserved, for the PsycINFO Database Record, by APA.
From a theoretical standpoint, this study demonstrates two pathways through which literary practices and concepts significantly enhance the clinical practice of psychologists and psychiatrists. The American Psychological Association's copyright protects this 2023 PsycInfo database record.
Prior research has established the connection between psychiatric symptoms and social effectiveness, although there is a dearth of investigations examining the correlation between social functioning and personal recovery, which is determined by an individual's subjective judgment of their mental health recovery. The study probed the mediating function of social engagement, interpersonal communication, and satisfaction with support in explaining the association between distinct clusters of psychiatric symptoms and perceived mental health restoration.
Across four mental health service sites, 250 patients with serious mental illness (SMI) had their patient self-reported data and provider assessments collected in a cross-sectional study. Parallel mediation, in an analytic framework, was utilized in the study.
Positive and negative symptom clusters' impact on personal recovery was partly mediated by interpersonal communication skills. Excited symptoms' impact on personal recovery was partially mediated by levels of satisfaction with social support systems. Satisfaction with social supports and interpersonal communication were partial mediators of the link between general psychological distress, depressive symptoms, and personal recovery. A substantial proportion—nearly half—of the association between general psychological distress, excited symptoms, and personal recovery, and virtually the totality of the relationship between positive symptoms and personal recovery, were elucidated by social functioning mediators.
Clinical providers should prioritize social functioning assessment alongside psychiatric symptoms and personal recovery factors for individuals with severe mental illness; this should include the consistent implementation of social skills education in group and individual treatment settings. Social functioning, a therapeutic target, can prove particularly advantageous for patients feeling underwhelmed by previous interventions or having maximized treatment benefits, thereby seeking supplementary methods of personal rehabilitation. The American Psychological Association holds the copyright for this 2023 PsycINFO Database Record.
Regular assessment of social functioning, alongside psychiatric symptoms and personal recovery factors, by clinical providers working with individuals with severe mental illness (SMI), should include social skills training in both group and individual treatment approaches. Addressing social functioning as a treatment objective can be particularly valuable for patients who feel that other interventions have not met their needs or who have maximized the benefits of prior treatments, thus seeking supplementary approaches to promote their personal recovery journey. The return of this PsycInfo database record, subject to the copyright of APA 2023, is necessary.
To document a case of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) keratouveitis-induced malignant glaucoma following repeated penetrating keratoplasty (PK).
A historical examination of the patient's medical documents, complemented by a review of existing research on EBV corneal endotheliitis and/or anterior uveitis.
On the initial postoperative day after the third penetrating keratoplasty (PK), a 78-year-old Thai female patient's left eye presented with notable corneal graft edema, dense pigmented keratic precipitates, fibrinous material within the anterior chamber, and a flattened anterior chamber. The ocular hypertension measured 55mmHg. An aqueous sample from a tap, analyzed by polymerase chain reaction, showed the presence of EBV DNA, but no other herpesviruses were present. Malignant glaucoma, induced by anterior uveitis, along with EBV endotheliitis, was diagnosed in the patient. Oral valacyclovir and topical 2% ganciclovir eye drops proved successful in the treatment.
Patients who undergo penetrating keratoplasty (PK) and experience EBV endotheliitis and anterior uveitis may be at risk for developing malignant glaucoma. young oncologists Suspicion must be heightened when a patient exhibits a history of unexplained multiple graft rejections.
The combination of EBV endotheliitis and anterior uveitis can lead to the development of malignant glaucoma in the context of penetrating keratoplasty (PK). For patients with a history of unexplained multiple graft rejections, a high index of suspicion is paramount.
Perceptual confidence has been a focal point of recent academic and popular discourse. Yet, a primary impediment to current approaches is that the majority of studies have focused on confidence evaluations made for single judgments. Through three experimental investigations, we examine how local confidence assessments interrelate and inform global confidence judgments, reflecting observers' performance summaries over multiple perceptual choices. Our study yields two key outcomes. An observed overconfidence bias exists in participants' local performance evaluations, exceeding that seen in global evaluations, mirroring the aggregation effect found in knowledge-based decision-making. Further investigation reveals that the observed effect is particular to confidence judgments, and is unconnected to any calculation bias. read more Furthermore, we delineate a novel effect, whereby participants' general confidence is higher for collections of tasks with a greater variety in difficulty levels, even while controlling for actual performance. Remarkably, this variability effect manifests at the level of local confidence judgments, in a way that completely accounts for the global effect. Our research indicates that global confidence is fundamentally anchored in local confidence, although a degree of separability between the two could exist. miRNA biogenesis We analyze theoretical accounts and empirical studies to illustrate the process by which observers create and apply a broad sense of perceptual confidence. All rights to the PsycInfo Database Record, 2023, are reserved by the APA.
Inequity aversion plays a crucial role in shaping fair behavior. Previous research indicates that children exhibit more cross-cultural disparities in their inclination to refuse allocations that would provide them with greater compensation than their counterpart—a manifestation of partner-advantageous inequity—compared to allocations that would grant them less than their counterpart, thereby representing partner-disadvantageous inequity. Nonetheless, because past studies have been limited to assessing children's decisions to accept or decline these offers, the algorithms driving this variability in outcomes are presently unexplained. Data from 807 children across seven societies, playing the Inequity Game, is analyzed using a computational decision-making model to unveil the computational signatures of inequity aversion in this study. Our analysis using drift-diffusion models aimed to clearly differentiate evaluative processing, the calculation of the subjective value associated with accepting or rejecting inequity, from alternative factors such as response speed and decision strategies.